Ch48

Chapter 48: Nervous System

1.

Describe the function of glial cells; astrocytes, radial glia,oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells.

2.

Describe the factors that contribute to a membrane potential.

3.

Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential.

4.

Distinguish between gated and ungated ion channels, and among stretch-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, and voltage-gated ion channels.

5.

Give a brief review of the characteristics of an action potential.

6.

Give a brief review of the role of voltage-gated ion channels in this process.

7.

Give a brief review of how an action potential is propagated along an axon.

8.

Describe the factors that affect the speed of action potentials along an axon and describe adaptations that increase the speed of propagation. Describe salutatory conduction.

9.

Give a brief review of the structures of a chemical synapse and explain how they transmit an action potential from one cell to another.

10.

Explain how excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP’s) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP’s) affect the postsynaptic membrane potential.

11.

Define summation and distinguish between temporal and spatial summation. Explain how summation applies to EPSP’s and IPSP’s.

12.

Describe the specific properties of the neurotransmittersacetylcholine and biogenic amines, as well as their functions within the nervous system

13.

Explain how different drugs can affect the receptors that bind to the above neurotransmitters and what affect that has on the body.

key club!

Board Meeting 12.08.10

No adopt-a-street this month!
[it's way too cold.]


Membership - We have 220+ members.
-we need to do more planning for the members so they will be able to have enough activities.
-in regards to Toys for Tots, it didn't go through because the people in charge didn't contact us.

Relay for Life
-we will start fundraising and getting people involved soon.

Benjamin Babysitting - December 13th
-cancelled due to snow day.

Towanda Babysitting
-has been going well, everyone has been showing up.

T-shirt
-should be coming soon.

After School
-it has been going well.
-only three dates this month [12/5, 12/20, 12/21] due to finals and shorter month.

Card-making
-hand-making holiday cards for wounded/sick soldiers for one activity.
-it went pretty well!

Cookies for Valentine's?

of love

last night i finally had a bit of a meltdown and i cried to my mom for the first time in years, perhaps for the first time ever [it used to be crying because of her or crying behind her back], and i felt so relieved.
"if you enter this world knowing you are loved and leave knowing the same, then everything that happens in between can be dealt with." - michael jackson

this morning i woke up and i was so startled to find it is december.
i stared at my hands, my walls, out my windows and asked myself,
how did all this time go away?
what have i been doing these last eight months?
am i happy with who i am?
who am i?
and i can't honestly answer any of these question still, but it's dreadful waking up and realizing that everything you've done in the last eight months [a premature renaissance!] doesn't line up with your values and your dreams. it was like molting off a temporary personality that i'd been using to hide my honest eyes and seeing how i had been living and how i had let many things slip away and let my priorities fall out of line. i suppose these last three weeks have built up to this point, but it was nevertheless an utter shock to me.
what a rip van wrinkle moment, i wake to find that all situations and people and ideas have changed, but at the heart of hearts, i have not changed at all. i still have the same problems, same desires, same hopes, same fears save for a few new ones, but i'm essentially the same dream-filled child that i've been since i was twelve with several outer refinements. all my shortcomings are the same, perhaps a tad muted, but still very present. oh, and i thought i had grown up so much!
i've been letting myself fall to ruin, all of these things are merely choices. i've said this so many times before, been told this so many times before, and today it sunk in entirely and it really hit me that i need to change too. i can't sit and wait any longer, and the only thing i've truly learned about myself these last eight months is that i'm incredibly impatient and certainly not waiter. at the core of my being, i am do-er, a leader of sorts, and this is why i've been so unhappy lately. i haven't been doing, i've been hiding in self-doubt.
i'm just repeating the same pains, same stories, same-same again and again, but all i want is newnewnew!
i want to
start living again.
"for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so." - william shakespeare

i talked with a friend for a long time today, about everything, frightening and frivolous, serious and cereal, oh, this is just how we are: giggly girls.
every time we talk, i just remember how much i am madly in love with living and everything in life! and i need to remember this everyday, how i am not as terrible as i've convinced myself i am, and although i fault myself for everything that happens, the greatest error is in doing nothing about it.
here it is: my greatest fear is not loneliness or death or public speaking anymore, it is being helpless. i am afraid of being unable to change anything that makes life unbearable, and all that needs to be changed is attitude or mindset or outlook, and thus helplessness is a choice. how ironic, i create my own fears in trying to escape my fears, just as i try to combat problems by using those problems.
tomorrow is another day, and each day ahead of us holds so much promise: pregnant with possibilities!
"of the chameleon's dish: i eat the air, promise-crammed." - william shakespeare

today i started living again, and tomorrow and each day ahead, i swear i will continue doing that, and i never intend to lose sight of that again.
"when there is no hope, one must invent hope." - albert camus

i thank the Lord for everything and everyone He has put in my life
and ask that He never let me stop appreciating and thanking Him for this
and His everlasting love, and i ask that
He give me the strength to give such love to everyone and everything just as He does.
if God can find it within Him to love us and forgive us for all our mistakes
[us, we who are all flawed],
i can do the same,
for Him and others and myself.
"when you were dead in your sins and in the uncircumcision of your sinful nature, God made you alive with Christ; He forgave us all our sins." - colossians 2:13

key club!

Board Meeting 11.17.10
Youth Action Board - info packet.

Adopt-a-Street: Lori Clairicoates
-we had 26 or 27 people show up.
-about six huge bags of trash.
-tentative date in December? if weather permits.

Membership: Liz Drennan
-we have about 220 people now.
-Nov. 30 is the last date we'll accept the slip AND money [$10.50].

Towanda Babysitting: Shohba Sridhar
-next date, December 13

After School Care: Jenny Barker, Helen Zhang, Kristina Ware
-it's been pretty good and consistent
-four dates [eight opportunities a month] currently

Toys for Tots
-table at lunch->sometimes people don't show up?
-message people that signed up/remake a system.

Salvation Army Bell Ringing
-27 people have signed up.

Mix It Up
-about 30 kids attended

Environment Club/Recycling activity?

Cards for Soldiers
-possible activity

UNICEF
-over $531, some had over $53

Sign-up sheets are due the Monday before the meeting!

Remember to take pictures at events!!

spanish

DEANA: Este es el historio de dos astronautas heroicos y su encuentro con un extraterrestre misterioso!

HELEN/RACHEL: Nosotros eramos astronautas!
[wtfwtfwtf, helen, you're so stupid.]

DEANA: Era un dia muy normal cuando ellas fueron a la luna. Ellas embarcan en el cohete and preparon para despegar.

RACHEL: Creas que dejemos alguna cosa? En mi opinion, olvidamos una cosa muy importan-

HELEN: Te preocupas desmasiado! No lo pienses, no es importante.

RACHEL: Es probablamente que tu seas correctamente, lo siento.

DEANA: Entonces, despues de unos dias pasar, ellas alunizaron. Ellas exploraron la luna con entusiasmo.

RACHEL: Debemos colectar medidas!

HELEN: Si, tomamos arena y suelo de la luna!

DEANA: De repente! una criatura horrible llego!
[i will love you forever if you do this extra dramatically.]

DIANA: UGGGHHH.
[sorrysorrysorry, but BAHAHAHA.]

HELEN/RACHEL: AHHHH!!

DEANA: Nuestras heroinas la vieron y corrieron.

DIANA: Esperen! Esperen! Puedo hablar espanol! Me dejen de explicar!

HELEN/RACHEL: NO COMPRENDO! NO COMPRENDO! SOCORRO!"

DEANA: Y el extraterrestre les disparo con un rayo! los astronautas no pudieron mover. el extraterrestre camino en la dirrecion con ellas y fatalidad fue de esperar...

DIANA: QUE HACEN?

[rachel and i will say this at the same time]
HELEN: que eres???
RACHEL: quien eres???

DIANA: NO DIGAS 'QUE' O 'QUIEN'! SOY VUESTRO TRIPULANTE! SALISTEIS SIN MI!

RACHEL: ...te dije que nosotros olvidamos alguna cosa.

nyehnyehnyeh

Workaholic

Personalities seem to be a cumulative reaction to our lives. Traumatic events lead to shaken, distrusting people just as successful attempts lead to confident people. Psychologist Erikson suggested that people undergo eight crises throughout their lives, each crisis shaping their personality through building confidence and happiness or leaving feelings of disappointment and shame. A more famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, believed that our personalities are fully developed by the age of five. When I was five, I was pulling off flower petals and chanting with my friends, "He loves me, he loves me not, he loves me," and I suppose that silly, lovestruck quote from childhood suits my personality quite well. Just as the affections of the boy change so rapidly, I change just as easily. With such a fickle temperament and the energy for it, I am clearly choleric through and through.

My most dominant choleric trait is my changeability. Or is it? I change my mind at the drop of a hat over all sorts of scenarios, ranging from the utterly frivolus to the life-altering. On a daily basis, I perform my "kitchen-hop," an act in which I plant one foot in the direction of my fridge, determined to find something delicious, and suddenly swivel away as I develop a sudden urge to find my iPod or clean my room or something just as unrelated. I turn back and forth, lunging towards the white handle, and then away, towards my Option B, my mind spinning just as wildly in an attempt to stick with one choice. At the other end of the spectrum, I was changing my decision on a much bigger issue a mere half year ago. My parents wanted to move our family to China and wanted my input. Some days, I would firmly believe that yes, I certainly wanted to live in the comfort of my own culture and begin a new lifestyle, while on other days, I loved my friends and the unique individuality I could only find here far too much to uproot and leave. Luckily, my parents spared me the pain of deciding, and six months later, I still reside in America. All this mind-changing takes up a great deal of my thoughts and time, but it is not the only volatile part of my nature. My daily schedule, or lack thereof, is proof of that. I cannot bear to be tied to routine, no matter how time-saving and healthy my parents claim routines to be. Some days I rise at three in the morning to finish homework, and a few days later, I find myself climbing into bed at that same ungodly hour. With regards to eating, I find myself scarfing down food voraciously every few hours or so some days, and then eat two, spare meals the following day. Other than my basic needs, I also alter my hairstyle, handwriting, preferences, and all other traits quite whimsically. My only constant is my consistent inconsistency.

When I am not busying with being mercurial, I still find myself being incessantly active, yet another choleric trait. I find there are two parts to my active behavior: being energized and being busy. I've been energetic my entire life, bouncing from room to room, person to person, and activity to activity. Even as a little kid, my mother claims I was never truly happy unless I was off and running, doing and making. Unfortunately for her, that meant I was getting myself into trouble as I tried to be productive, such as the time when I "planted" my neighbor's beautiful tulips by pulling them out and burying the flowers in another portion of her yard. As a teenager, I have retained this trait and applied it in a less troublesome manner. Nowadays, I am section leader of the flute section in marching band and I use this characteristic to encourage and energize my section. Marching is one of many extracurricular activities I have joined, which leads to my increasingly busy schedule. I have found that I adore this busy schedule with nary a moment to rest, and have thus piled upon as many clubs and responsibilities I can fit on my platter. I have marching band, Speech Team, Peer Leadership, Students Embracing Diversity, and Key Club to deal with on top of my already demanding coursework. In the summer, without these activities to busy myself with, I fill up my time with studying, summer classes, and spending time with friends. The only time I rest from this active lifestyle is through sleep. Even then I can not hold still, rolling around and tangling myself in blankets and pillows. It seems like my bile is boiling out from my liver, leaving me restless and active.

No matter how I look at it, I am nothing but choleric through and through. From childhood to present day, through every behavior and trait, with boundless energy and changing habits, I have been nothing but a choleric girl.

key cloob

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 2010

[Board Meeting]

Reports

1. Adopt-A-Street: Lori Claricoates
-50 signed up, about a third to half showed up
-after about half an hour-ish of cleaning, there were 12 trashbags of stuff

2. Buddy Walk: Liz Drennen
-100+ people signed up, group fee

3. Towanda PTO Babysitting: Shohba Sirdhar
-not much to report, more than enough people signed up and the first one has not happened yet.

4. After School Program at Hoose and Grove: Jenny Barker, Helen Zhang and Kristina Ware
-any time is fine -> we need to figure out a specific time

5. T-Shirts – Courtney Rohde
-voted on shirts

New Projects

6. Toys For Tots: Service Initiative Committee: Jenny Barker, Natalie Liesman, Diana Qiao, Amanda Parker
-in October
-get more people involved -> have a competition between homerooms?
>plan/work out the details and have it ready by the next board meeting

7. Salvation Army Bell Ringing: Kelly Weeks, Ryan Han, Kristina Ware, Shobha Sridhar, Deana Qiao
-sign-ups are online
-instructions are regular meetings
-in the drop bar, make sure to mark NCHS
-regarding the 18+, don’t worry about it, just make up a birthday because our Key Club’s dependable

8. Cedar Ridge 5K Run: Saturday, October 23^rd @ Cedar Ridge Elementary
They need approximately 20 students to help along the route (giving directions, handing out water, etc.).
-Coordinator: Lori Claricoates
-8AM meet-up

9. Key Club Key Leader: Leadership opportunity available – Friday, October 29-Sudnay, October 31^st at East Bay Camp in Hudson. Financial assistance available, see Mrs. Koski if interest

Updates

10. Anouncements: We have announcements! I'll put one in for the October 6th meeting.

11. Website and Bulletin Board: Jacqueline Wong now has the go-ahead from Unit 5 and she will update ASAP

12. Photos: Please take photos at any event you attend and send them to Casey Hrouda. She needs photos for both our scrapbook and for the Inkspot and yearkbook.
-we already have pictures from cleaning Raab Road for Adopt-A-Street

13. Fliers: Taylor Pauken, we need fliers up in the halls at least a week before the next meeting, any admin. can sign it off.

14. Key Club International Reports: Cory Maguire needs to file reports for the summer months as well as August and September. Contact Lexi about this.

15. Minutes of monthly meetinggs and board meetings: Helen Zhang. Helen keeps a copy, puts one copy in my file box in 248 and sends one to Jacquelyn so she can post it on the website and bulletin board.

Other:

16. Grant Johnson: he's a cancer patient from our school at St. Jude's in Memphis.
-he's almost down with his chemotherapy
-we could send candy, coordinate an event for greeting cards?

17. Homerooms: Go into a freshman homeroom on a Tuesday and talk about Key Club/other clubs so freshman get more involved.